BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS OF PARTNERS UNIVERSITIES

1. UNIVERSITY OF BRIGHTON, UK (Network Coordinator)
2. TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF DENMARK, LYGNBY, DENMARK
3. UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (RWTH), AACHEN, GERMANY
4. UNIVERSITY OF WALES COLLEGE NEWPORT, WALES, UK
5. IPL (ISTITUTO PER LAVORO) BOLOGNA, ITALY
6. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT STUDIES, NEW DELHI, INDIA
7. GUJERAT UNIVERSITY, AHMEDHABAD, INDIA
8. PUNJAB AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, LUDHIANA, INDIA
9. DELHI UNIVERSITY, NEW DELHI, INDIA

1. UNIVERSITY OF BRIGHTON (Network Coordinator)
School of Information Management
Faculty of Information Technology
Moulsecoomb, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK
Tel: +44 1273 643501/643500; Fax: +44 1273 642405

Contact person
Prof. Karamjit S Gill

Introduction
The University of Brighton is situated in the south coast resort city of Brighton and Hove and undertakes a range of applied research and Consultancy as well as offering a wide variety of courses, general, vocational and professional. The academic work of the University, comprising 1730 staff and 15000 students, is organised within six faculties: Art, Design and Humanities; Business School; Education; Sport and Leisure; Engineering and Environmental Studies; Health; Information Technology. The Faculty of Information Technology has been involved in the EU projects, ESPRIT, ERASMUS, Anthropocentric Systems and Technology (FAST, DGXII), EUROTECNET (DGXII), BASIC RESEARCH (DGXIII), COMETT, BRITE, and TEMPUS. The School of Information Management is one of two schools of the IT Faculty, and is concerned with developments in information, communication and multi media technologies in the areas of technological innovations and social and economic change, knowledge networking and social cohesion in the information society; information management structures in supporting the dissemination and application of technological innovation; the use of multimedia to promote cultural heterogeneity in an increasingly technologically homogeneous environment; the impact of electronic publishing and electronic information management systems on the newspaper industry; the use of computer networks to support and promote distance and open learning. The university of Brighton has pioneered the multi-media supported open learning environments through its media production and media training facilities, and its links with national and international and media distribution networks. Learning Resources Department is one of the University's largest central departments, supporting the academic work of the institution through a dozen site-based delivery points in Brighton and Eastbourne, plus a range of central services provided from the Moulsecoomb site in Brighton. Learning Resources currently provides Library Services in seven locations, and Media Services at each of the four major sites of the university. There is also a range of professional production services in graphic design, still photography, video production and reprographics which.

Research
The Centre for the Social and Educational Application of Knowledge Engineering (SEAKE), based in the School of Information Management, is the focal point for human centred research, and has established a Europe-wide postgraduate education and research framework in the area of knowledge, innovation and technology. It undertakes investigations into the design of information technology supported information environments which facilitate knowledge transfer and learning in complex social systems and organisations. SEAKE has extensive international links through collaborative research programmes, visiting research scientists, and a European postgraduate studies network in human centred systems. SEAKE's international network of research is supported and recognised by a variety of agencies and research programmes within the CEC, including Knowledge Networking and Social Integration (DGXIII), Information Society and Social Innovation (ERASMUS), Workplace Europe - Managing the Social Dimension of Change (DGXII), and The Emerging Patterns of Qualification and Learning in Modern Manufacturing Companies (EUROTECNET, DGXII). The Centre has established close research links a number of universities and research centres in Japan including Tokyo University, Waseda University, Musashi University, the NTT Basic Research Institute, Tokyo, and RISS, NTT DATA, Tokyo, Japan. The IT Faculty receives a number of visits from senior Japanese academics and ongoing funding for research initiatives. These activities complement a number of other research endeavours by members of the Socio-technology of Information and Communication group which address policy issues arising at the interface between information communication technologies (ICTs) and the development of 'the information society'.

A related line of enquiry within the Faculty includes the representation of culture and heritage through new electronic media on CD-ROM, in museums and on the World Wide Web. This work adopts a critical post-modern perspective on culture, heritage and the new media, and situates and identifies the new media itself as post-modern artefact. This work has been widely disseminated through academic conference papers and has attracted funding from the British Council for a collaboration with Finnish institutions. Another strand of activity associated with knowledge networking has involved the development of a Virtual Reality representation of information using a geographic metaphor. This work will provide the foundation for doctoral research into the visualisation of data and hypermedia information, initially in desktop and then immersive environments, the aim of the work being to gauge the usefulness of spatial metaphors, navigational techniques and aids.
The Faculty also comprises expertise in a number of other IT related areas. The Language Engineering group of the ITRI (Information Technology Research Institute) is recognised internationally as one of the leading teams of researchers in Natural Language Generation and Computational Lexicography. The group on Computer Supported Collaborative Work, a new venture in the ITRI bringing together an interdisciplinary team of researchers, is beginning to establish itself in the field. It has been successful in attracting the interest of a number of local SMEs, and is undertaking a series of in situ studies of design teams within these firms. Prototype applications of support systems for collaborative design are under development.

The work of the IT Faculty in ICTs and innovation is closely linked to other centres in this area within the University. CTI Art and Design, based in the Faculty of Art, Design & Humanities, at the University of Brighton , is one of 24 United Kingdom subject-based centres working to encourage the use of learning technologies in UK higher education. Subjects supported include Fashion and Textile Design, Film/Video/Photography, Fine Art, Graphic Design, Three-Dimensional Design, and Typography. The Centre for Computers and Creative Work is based in Faculty of Art, Design and Humanities, and is concerned with the study of how people involved in creative activities such as art and design use computer and communication systems, and how such systems may be better designed for their needs. Empirical research into the experiences and attitudes of artists and crafts people who use computers in their work is conducted. This advances our understanding and definitions of art and craft practice, helps develop theories of the relationship of computers to work, provides greater understanding of the use of computers within more autonomous working practices, and develops a critique of existing software in this area.

The Design History Research Centre at the University houses the Design Council Archive. It comprises a unique body of material of national and international significance which charts the extensive activities of the Council of Industrial Design, founded in 1944, through to its re-designation as the Design Council in 1972 and its eventual restructuring in 1994. The archive is of importance not only to historians of design and visual culture, but also to economic, business and social historians; it is a valuable resource for those concerned with the study of material culture and changing patterns of design education. The extensive photographic collection offers picture researchers new opportunities to explore original material relating to twentieth century design. Within the Archive there is a wealth of material relating to all spheres of the Council's activities. Relationships with manufacturing industry, the retail trade, design organisations and the media are fully documented. So too are design promotion and propaganda, including the mounting of regional, national and overseas exhibitions, the issuing of publications and reports and the institution of design competitions and awards.

Institute of Nursing & Midwifery based in the Faculty of Health aims to encourage and support research in nursing and midwifery practice as well as in the theory of nursing and nurse education. Part-time or full time research degrees (MPhil or PhD) are offered to those working in clinical practice or in education, who are interested in developing their work through relevant research.

The management and innovation research centre, CENTRIM is based in the Business School of the University, and aims to provide high quality research, education, training and Consultancy to help improve the management of technology related innovation. A feature of the CENTRIM work is close collaboration with organisations actively involved in managing and performing innovation. Underlying a wide range of projects is a shared concern to improve both understanding and practice. Major projects include the award of a designated research centre (ESRC), a collaborative project with the Universities of Bath and Cambridge on inter-organisational networking (funded by EPSRC with industrial support from BT), work with the PREST, University of Manchester as part of a European consortium looking at innovation in services, work with an EU funded programme on 'green' technology, and Consultancy work for the Department of Trade and Industry Innovation Unit and Best Practice divisions.

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2. TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF DENMARK
Industrial Management
Technical University of Denmark,
Manufacturing Engineering & Management,
Matematiktorvei
DTUI - Building 303
DK-2800 Lyngby, Copenhagen,
Denmark
tel.: +45 4593 6677/ +45 428 3468 (dir.: +45 4593 1222),
fax: +45 4588 1291

Contact Person
Prof. Lauge Baungaard Rasmussen

The technical University of Denmark (DTU is the largest and oldest technical university in Denmark. with 6,900 undergraduate and graduate students, 650 Ph. D. students and a staff numbering almost 1,900 (full-time). DTU is the most important centre of engineering education and research in Denmark.
DTU has approximately 45 departments covering mathematics, physics, chemistry, microbiology, computer science, telecommunication, automation, geology, roads, transport and town planning, construction management, machine elements, ocean engineering, manufacturing engineering, control engineering, graphical communication, environmental engineering and technology and social sciences.
The Institute of Technology and Social Sciences runs courses together with other technical departments in subjects like Technological management and Environmental risks. DTU is involved in a number of national and international networks and research programmes. Several of these may be of relevance for the EU-India project.
The Institute of Technology and Social Sciences is concerned with technological change and its consequences for working environment and society. The research and teaching at the Department deal with the interrelations between technology and society. The basic research themes are: the social shaping of technology and institutions, the cultural and institutional contexts for technological choice, the role of engineering work and competencies and the ethical, economic, social, working life oriented and environmental consequences of technological change. Research into methods for active shaping of technology is concerned with the possibilities of reaching social and economic goals through technology assessment, development of competencies, innovation, management and planning in enterprises, public institutions and interested parties including user and citizen participation and governmental regulation. The research into technology and society is an established area based on theories and methods from social sciences. This implies the use of disciplines such as economy, sociology and political science as well as related areas such as philosophy of science, philosophy, ethics and psychology. A close relation to the engineering research area at the Technical University gives way to an explicit and concrete integration of technological knowledge.

The Institute focuses on undergraduate and postgraduate teaching within the area of Technology, environment and culture. The aim of this area is to enable the students to integrate environmental consideration into planning, design and development of processes, products, technological systems and infrastructures including cooperation with other organisational groups, colleagues and citizens. The educational obligations include teaching of engineers (and in-service teaching of engineers and other technological, natural science or social sciences graduates from the Open University education). The department participates in the Open University in-service teaching in Technological environmental management within the areas: environmental management, environmental regulation and environmentally oriented change processes. "The environmental management of the enterprises" -direction focuses on the efforts of the enterprises to integrate environmental considerations in the daily production and in development activities by means of cleaner technologies and environmental management, inside the enterprise, through cooperation between different functions and groups of colleagues, and outside the enterprise in interaction with customers, suppliers, local communities and authorities. Teaching within the area of Technology and developing countries is concerned with analysis of the basis of and concepts for development strategies and technology transfer, and with preparation and implementation of development projects.

Research
The research of the department includes both basic and applied research. The basic research deals in particular with the interaction between cultural, societal, working environmental and technological changes and the effect of human activities on the development of these areas. The applied research activities aim at developing methods to influence the decisions behind the technological development. The research is carried out in enterprises and at other levels in society. The target groups are social actors and institutions involved. This part of the research also includes the conditions of using such methods in practice. The research profile of the Department of Technology and Social Sciences includes the following themes:

- Research into the driving forces of technological change, the cultural and institutional contexts for technological choices and the ethical, economic, social, working life oriented and environmental consequences of technological change.
- Research into the development of competencies, innovation, management and planning in enterprises, public institutions and interested parties and their interrelations.
- Research into user and citizen participation in the planning and development of technology, working environment and environmental questions in enterprises and local communities.
- Research into engineering competencies including philosophical, ethic and work organisational aspects and aspects concerning theories of knowledge in engineering work related to the development of new technology.

The research environment is part of a comprehensive national and international research network. The international network includes the following:

- ETAN: European Technology Assessment Network
- EU COST A4: The Social Shaping of Technology
- EU COST A3: Technology Management
- EU SPRINT: SUBSPRINT (European project network on the substitution of organic solvents)
- IRENE: Industrial Relations and the Environment Network Europe.
- UNEP: United Nations Environmental Programme.

The research environment has also established collaborative relations with a long list of foreign universities and institutes concerned with cleaner technologies, technology and everyday life, technology assessment, action research, women and technology, and socio-technical system design. Investigation of the cultural and social factors of the shaping of technology in developing countries is an important part of the research as well as analyses of institutional sustainability of Danish development aid projects. Current projects (examples) are:
- The industrialisation process in Malaysia.
- Transfer of the "Scandinavian Model" to Nordic subsidiary companies in Malaysia.
- Cultural dimensions within technology policy in developing countries: China and Vietnam in comparative perspective.
- Technological modernisation in China.
- Conditions of transfer of sophisticated technology to certain developing countries in Asia.
- Technology assessment in Ghana.
- Trade with services and its consequences for developing countries.
- Greenhouse effects and the UN system.
- Industrialisation and working environment problems in Malaysia.
- Labour management relations in the Nordic and other foreign countries.
- Subsidiaries in Malaysia.
- Technology transfers, skills, development and industrial culture in Thailand and Malaysia.
- Capability development within cleaner production in Tanzania.

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3. UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (RWTH)
Department of Computer Science & Centre for Learning & Knowledge Management (ZLW/IMA)
Dennewartstra?e 27, 52068 Aachen, Germany
Tel: +49 241 966612 Fax: +49 241 96 66 22

Contact person
Dr. Dietrich Brandt

The University of Technology (RWTH) Aachen Germany, is one of the world-wide leading institutions of engineering research and teaching. It comprises 10 faculties including computer science, electrical and mechanical engineering, natural sciences, mining and chemical engineering, architecture and civil engineering, also medicine, social sciences and humanities. It has more than 10 special research centres comprise aeronautics and space craft design, manufacturing and automation, material science and information technology. The university departments are strongly involved in international cooperation. A large percentage of research funds are directly related to projects which are run by international consortia with particular emphasis on European cooperation but also include many projects with Asian countries in the research areas of information technology, manufacturing, civil and environmental engineering and fundamental science research. The overall number of students is 37,000. About 10 % are students from abroad including several hundred from Asian countries. The number of academic staff is about 1,500 including about 350 professors. The university is famous for its close relations to industry.
The Department of Informatics in Mechanical Engineering (IMA), integrated with the Centre for Research and Development in Higher Education (HDZ), is a department of the University of Technology (RWTH), Aachen (D). The HDZ/IMA, in its research projects, looks at problems in industry with the aim of finding solutions which balance advantages of a merely technical solution, and the needs and competencies of people. Thus, the department develops human-oriented systems which concern people, organisation, technology in their societal and environment context.

The research projects of the HDZ/IMA deal with developing mainly information technology and networked systems. Furthermore, the projects deal with both implementing these systems and assessing their organisational impact. Hence, user participation in the design and implementation processes is an important feature of these projects. It includes specifically the integration of unions and shopfloor personnel into the projects, at a very early stage. The HDZ/IMA runs extensive training programmes for companies, providing qualifications to management and workers in decision-making, communication and cooperation, and problem solving. In this way, the HDZ/IMA has been cooperating with many small and medium-sized companies in Germany and other European countries, and with several large companies, e.g. Volkswagen, Thyssen, Mannesmann, John Deere, H?chst AG etc. The projects have been funded by the companies as well as by the German Government (Work and Technology; Production 2000), the German Research Foundation (DFG) and the European Commission (ESPRIT, PHARE, COMETT etc.).

Concerning cooperation of the department specifically with India, the department has long-standing links with Madras Institute of Technology based on joint research projects leading to Master degrees in Germany and India, and on mutual short visits of academic staff. Furthermore the department is linked to the German-Investment and Development Company (DEG) with its emphasis on German-Indian industrial development. The general research areas of the IMA are:
- Human-oriented design of technology and work in production enterprises, based on concepts of the (learning organisation).
- Developing and implementing information networks and multi-media systems in networked companies and supplier chains, particularly using concepts of software re-engineering.
- Analysis and improvement of large-scale, complex socio-technical systems, organisations and enterprises in terms of non-linear turbulent and (chaotic) behaviour.

The department is widely known for its research commitment related to sociotechnical issues in industry today. It publishes frequently in German and international research journals and series, and it is editor of its own series of books on (Human and Technology). The department is represented through leading roles in several national and international professional associations and committees (e.g. Government committees, German Association of Professional Engineers VDI, International Federation of Automatic Control IFAC etc.). The research staff is frequently invited to presentations at leading international conferences and symposia.
Research and teaching of the HDZ/IMA are undertaken by interdisciplinary teams integrating junior staff and graduate students from science and engineering, humanities and social sciences. Presently the department's staff comprises 3 senior staff, about 25 junior staff (full-time) and about 50 graduate students.

4. UNIVERSITY OF WALES COLLEGE NEWPORT
Coleg Prifysgol Cymru Casnewydd
Faculty of Art & Design
PO Box 197, Newport, NP6 1YG, Wales
Tel: +44 1633 432 163 Fax: +44 1633 432606

Contact person
David Smith

The University of Wales is a national university comprising a federation of university colleges distributed throughout Wales. The University of Wales College, Newport is based in Newport, at the East of the South Wales Conurbation. The Faculty of Art and Design is the home of the National Film School of Wales, as well as distinguished schools of documentary photography and animation. It is also an internationally reputed for electronic arts and creative applications of new information and communications technologies. There has recently been substantial investment in infrastructure for undergraduate and postgraduate courses in Multimedia and new digital communications media. The Centre for Advanced Inquiry into Interactive Arts (CAiiA) is a world centre in this field, and offers a pioneering on-line PhD programme which attracts students from as far away as California.

The Mechatronics Research Centre is a national Centre of Excellence and the focus of its research in the areas of Advanced Manufacturing Technology and Mechatronics. It is supported by a comprehensive range of well equipped specialist laboratories. Research interests are focused on applications in Manufacturing using techniques such as artificial neural networks, fuzzy logic, genetic algorithms, Taguchi method and Petri-nets. Ongoing research, development and training programmes involve close links with local major industries and SMEs, and attract research students from many countries.

Applied research in art and design
The recent and increasing convergence of computing and communications technologies offers radical new opportunities for artists and designers. The screen based working environment, with its range of operating systems, software programs and networking possibilities constitute a new set of art and design tools and the basis for a developing form of visual communication. Multimedia brings together and synthesises text, sound and the visual image into an integrated and interactive digital system which offers new forms for the navigation, access and control of information. Research and Consultancy in this field involve close links with enterprises and public institutions. The department is currently engaged in designing intranets for large healthcare providers, in the design of a new 'active' museum environment and in the infrastructural planning of a prestigious and large-scale urban redevelopment project in the Cardiff Bay Area. Some of this research is closely connected with the work of the Mechatronics Centre, and the University is able to offer a rare fusion of expertise, encompassing both engineering, design and the creative arts.

In addition, the Department of Art and Design enjoys extensive links with European partners, and has taken part in the planning and development of research projects ranging from social innovation to the development of advanced on-line musical education. Newport School of Art and Design was one of the first institutions in the UK to offer honours degrees in art and design. The School (based on a Film School established by John Grierson) within the Department of Engineering. All members of the faculty in the Department of Art and Design are professionally active, designing, developing and showing work within their own substantive creative fields. It offers young researchers from predominantly technical backgrounds an unprecedented opportunity to work in an environment which recognises the significance and role of technological systems, but where equal weight is given to a high level of creative design expertise.

The University enjoys strong links with Pacific Rim countries such as South Korea and Malaysia. David Smith is a long-term member of the SEAKE Centre and has been an active participant in summer schools and seminars organised under the aegis of the ERASMUS Human Centred Systems network. Proposed EU/India Collaborative Research at UWCN offers an unusual blend of technical expertise and artistic creativity. Department of Art and Design propose a programme of collaborative research and development. The developing portfolio of academic research is based on A Human-Centred analysis of the design and effectiveness of complex 'multimedia' human-machine interfaces.

5. IpL (Istituto per Lavoro) Bologna (Italy)
Via Marconi 8, Bologna, Italy

Contact person
Dr. Francesco Garibaldo

The Istituto per Lavoro , founded in 1998, is a non profit making association since 1988. Its head office is in Bologna and it operates both on a regional and national levels and also through its netwroks in order to carry out its statutory aims. These are:

o the carrying out of studies and research either on an independent basis or in collaboration with other bodies, societies and associations;
o the planning and organising of investigative and advising activities;
o the promotion of seminars/conferences etc. on a national and international level;
o publication and diffusion of the studies carried out;
o the realisation of activities of support or similar to those mentioned above.

IpL has its own permanent research staff and consults universities and qualified organisms on the themes of its concern. It undertrakes its activities in collaboration with a number of national and European partners including the Ministry of University and European Scientific Research, the European Centre for professional training in Berlin (Cedefop) and the Institute for education of UNESCO in Hamburg.

European activity in 1997 undertaken through IRES (Rome)
European activities in 1997 include: REIN Network

Horizon
SSAE/SSI - Paris, PACT - ARIMT/ Toulouse, AILE / Toulouse, ANIMATION/ Maisons - Alfort, Norte - JOVEN/Madrid, CETS / Croydon, ADSIS / Bilbao, FMP / Madrid, GWAB / Wetziar, AWO / Dusseldorf, PROBENS / Barcelona, Arbeit und Bildung / Marburg, Arbeit un Bildung / Nordhausen, INI / Lippstadt

Leonardo: CHILD LABOUR AS A CAUSE OF SOCIAL EXCLUSION - CIREM (Spain), NEXUS (Ireland), SFS (Germany)

Leonardo: EVA TOOL (LEONARDO)
Bremen University , ITB Institut Technik und Bildung (Germany)
Ergon kek - Greece, Nexus , National Maintenance Centre - Irlanda, Gwent Tertiary College ,England

ADAPT - LEARNING REGION - Chemntiz, Germany, Gratz, Austria, TIC, Denmark

Leonardo: HIVA ROUTE COUNSELING- Regionplan Onderzoek (Netherland), AKF (Denmark), Nexus (Ireland), FORBA (Austria), VFA (Greece)
Evaluation of CVT measures and funding models in European countries through the assessment of costs and benefits

CEDEFOP
Roskilde University - Danimarca, CIRCE - Francia, ESRI - Irlanda, ABF - Austria, BIBB - Germania

DG V: WORK AND TECHNOLOGY CONSORTIUM

Danish Technological Institute, Denmark ; Work Research Unit, Ministry of Labour, Finland; Agence Nationale pour l¨ªAmlioration des Conditions de Travail (ANACT), France; Federal Research and Development Programme Arbeit und Technik, Germany; Institut Arbeit und Technik, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany; Irish Productivity Centre, Republic of Ireland; Istituto Richerche Economiche e Sociali (IRES), Italy; MERIT, University of Maastricht, The Netherlands; NIA¨ªTNO, The Netherlands; Centro Nacional de Condiciones de Trabajo, Spain; Instituto Anadaluz de Tecnologia, Spain ; Arbetslivsinstitutet, Sweden

CEDIS: A DISTANCE TRAINING PROGRAMME, ISPO Greece

The economics of regional development effects of the transition in Russia and Ukraine: implications for private sector supply chain.

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6. NISTADS
National Institute of Science and Technology Development Studies
Dr K S Krishnan Road
New Delhi-110012, India
Phones: 00 91 -11- 5743227 5714064 Gram: NISTADS, New Delhi
Telex: 031-77182 NSTD IN Fax: 0091-11-5754640
E-mail: nistads@simetd.ernet.in

Contact Person
Dr. Ashok Jain

Introduction
The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research realising the need for well thought out science policy inputs into the national planning process constituted in 1974 a Centre for the Study of Science, Technology & Development which in 1981 was renamed as National Institute of Science Technology and Development Studies (NISTADS).
Science and technology are being increasingly recognised as instruments of change and for achieving a set of socio-economic and political objectives. In this context several crucial problems and policy issues of science and technology and its interface with the society need to be analysed. The understanding of these problems requires long term perspective and multi-disciplinary approach involving analytical tools and techniques on the one hand and a broad spectrum of economic social historical and cultural dimensions of science and technology on the other. The Institute's research programmes thus cover various facets of the interactive processes of the science-technology-society-development nexus - broadly called science and technology studies (STS).

Mandate
The main objectives of NISTADS are:
(a) To carry out research in the above mentioned areas of science and technology studies (STS);
(b) To provide Consultancy services and undertake sponsored research and commissioned studies in the above areas for international and national agencies, central and local government bodies industries and other organisations concerned with policy formulation planning and management of science and technology;
(c) To provide training to scholars and functionaries from India and other developing countries in the areas of expertise of the Institute;
(d) To build, maintain and provide services based on information data banks in science policy areas and archives of science and technology;
(e) To undertake co-operative research projects and provide research opportunities to scholars through various schemes;
(f) To add to general fund of knowledge in STS through publications, seminars, conferences, lectures, etc.

Major R & D Programmes
The research projects undertaken at NISTADS are essentially multi-disciplinary in nature. Thus, the projects undertaken at the Institute are usually drawn with scientific staff (over 50) having qualifications and experience in diverse disciplines like, natural sciences, engineering, mathematics, economics, sociology, history, philosophy, management, etc. Research programmes and, likewise Institute's expertise, are built around the following major themes:
* Technological and Social Change;
* S & T Indicators and Scientometrics;
* Resource Planning & Utilisation for Regional Development;
* Studies for CSIR;
* Mathematics Modelling for Science and Technology Studies;
* Sociology of Science;
* Information systems & S & T Archival Resources;
* History & Philosophy of Science; and
* Science Communication.

Significant Achievements

Technological Assessment and Transfer:
(a) R&D/Industry status studies on aluminium, sugar cement, drugs, soaps, pesticides, polymers, etc.;
(b) Strategies for development of tungsten in India;
(c) Information technology - fears, concerns and realities;
(d) R&D in Indian industries - determinants and policy implications;
(e) Saving of energy from substitution of steel by aluminium in vehicles;
(f) Environmental regulation on hazardous chemicals and micro-organisms in India;
(g) Linkages of R&D institutes with industry and academic institutions;
(h) Technology utilisation systems of the major scientific agencies in India;
(i) Evaluation of industrial R&D and commercialisation capabilities in biotechnologies; Assessment of technology; transfer mechanisms, produces and manpower in biotechnologies for health and agriculture fields in Indian context;
(j) Industrial strategies for development of machine translation systems.

Technology Forecasting:
(a) Delphi study on use of ELISA techniques in diagnostics in India;
(b) Mathematical modelling for (i) Forecasting colour TV market in India, (ii) Substitution and diffusion of innovation;
(c) Modelling of manpower projection in CSIR laboratories;
(d) Projections for (i) Biotechnology based products in health and agriculture and (ii) Manpower for biotechnology for 2000 AD for India.

Opinion Survey of:
(a) Scientists and engineers on problems related to scientific research and, in general, of management of science and technology in India
(b) Attitude of MPs towards science and technology and their participation in science policy making,
(c) S&T professionals and those in industries on Draft Technology Policy.

Application of S&T in Rural Areas:
(a) Technology improvement and product diversification for village artisans for manufacturing fishing hooks and potteries in Bankura (WB), and potteries and leather in Mewai (Haryana).

Resource Planning and Utilisation for Regional Development:
(a) Application of geographical information system (GIS) to desert development, wasteland development and rural land management programmes in parts of Haryana;
(b) Development of natural resources data management system (NRDMS) for a number of districts;
(c) Development of thematic maps and development indicators for Mewat District and District Plan for 2000 A.D. for Gurgaon;
(d) Conduction of training of functionaries for decentralised planning with reference to S&T inputs for local/regional development projects;
(e) Undertaken project on development of Environmental Pollution Information System for preparing environmental thematic maps of various regions using satellite imageries and GIS; Conducted five training programmes for officers of Central and State Pollution Control Boards and Min. of Environment and Forests.

Information systems and Databases for S&T:
(a) Software development: (i) Integrated management and project accounting (IMPACT) (in collaboration with CSIR) - now implemented in all CSIR laboratories; (ii) Devnagri version of CDS/ISIS, (iii) Vocabulary standardisation using SPINES thesaurus, (iv) Conversion of science citation index database to CDS/ISIS database;
(b) Development of textual databases on: (i) Indian and international literature on science policy studies, (ii) Information on Indian archival resources in S&T, (iii) S&T Indicators for Development - nearly 15 databases for the Institute's programme on S&T Indicators.

Research and Training on R&D Management:
(a) Research and training workshops on research productivity, marketing leadership,, internal and external communication rewards system quality of life etc. for CSIR laboratories.

Women in Science & Technology:
(a) Completed studies on (i) Women's participation in R&D and academic organisations; (ii) Women technicians in India;
(b) UNESCO sponsored WISTAR network project (Women in S&T in Asian Region);
(c) International workshop on Technological Change and Women;
(d) Enhancing school girls' participation in S&T.

Science Communication:
(a) Prepared films on: 'Computerisation-Fears, concerns and realities', 'Dr S S Bhatnagar', 'Dr Homi J Bhabha', 'Public-funded R&D';
(b) Completed studies on: 'Learning processes in un-organised sector of automobile workshops'; and 'Survey of attitudes towards natural phenomena among masses'.

Science & Technology Indicators:
(a) Report on Indian S&T Indicators;
(b) Scientometrics profiles of: (i) Academic science in India, (ii) Research priorities and transnational linkages in science, (iii) Laser research, physics research, monsoon research, etc., in India.

International Studies in S&T:
(a) Status of S&T in China and Afghanistan;
(b) Technology trade and collaborations between India and African countries;
(c) Comparisons of technology acquisition and absorption in India and China.

Sociology of Science:
(a) Emergence of Indian scientific community and professionalisation of science;
(b) Comparative sociological studies on the organisation and performance of research units in six countries (UNESCO sponsored) - two books published; (c) Brain-drain and scientific communities in India - one book published.

History and Philosophy of Science:
(a) Two volumes on History of Science in ancient India published;
(b) Three medieval scientific texts translated from Arabic and Persian;
(c) A nationally co-ordinated project on science and technology in ancient India; (i) Database of manuscripts, literature and other studies in traditional Indian logic, mathematics and linguistics; (ii) Viability study of the technical language of Navya Nyaya; (iii) Constructing computable models of mind based on Jaina, Nyaya and Buddhist traditions;
(d) Studies completed on patterns of 'colonial' science: science administration, science education, institutional and professional growth in science and natural resources management in India during 18th to 20th c.

Training of Scholars Government Functionaries from Developing Countries:
Training provided to scientists and officials deputed from Vietnam Philippines, Nigeria, Jamaica,, Nepal, Bangladesh, etc. in areas of science policy studies,, technology assessment, R&D management, Scientometrics, information management for S&T, etc.

Services Offered By NISTADS
S&T Policy Related Studies & Analyses undertaken on:
(i) Planning, organisation and management of science;
(ii) Social relations of Science;
(iii) Applications of Geographic Information System for sectoral planning at regional level;
(iv) Technology assessment and forecasting;
(v) Technology development, acquisition and transfer, including comparisons between countries/regions'
(vi) Bibliometric studies to determine: global excellence centres, institutions & subject linkages, historical trends, etc.;
(vii) Women issues in S&T.

Information Systems Design/Setting up Databases for:
(i) S&T Indicators;
(ii) R&D project management;
(iii) Decentralised management of natural resources for regional development;
(iv) Bibliographic and non-bibliographic data;
(v) Software development: Fonts for Indian languages, multi-lingual graphic-user interface for databases and text.
Survey Studies Related to Following Undertaken:
(i) Impact assessment;
(ii) Techno-economic surveys for rural development;
(iii) Opinion surveys on S&T related issues.

Information Supply on:
(i) Science & technology archival records available in various Indian archives;
(ii) Literature on science policy;
(iii) S&T indicators;
(iv) Research material for film making on eminent Indian scientists and S&T related public issues in India.

Training provided:
To scientist and officials from S&T agencies; R&D organisations and central and local government bodies from India and other developing countries in above listed areas of expertise of the Institute.

NISTADS' Publications
The tangible output of the research programmes and other academic projects undertaken is invariably in the form of research documents, namely, Reports,, Proceedings of national or international seminars/conferences; Lectures; Working Papers and Research Papers published in journals/books, etc. A comprehensive List of Publications 1979-94, annual and subsequent lists can be supplied on request.
Current Literature on Science of Science (monthly journal, includes abstracts of papers digests of reports, book reviews, news and notes in the areas of science and technology, policy studies and S&T statistics).

7. GUJERAT UNIVERSITY
B. K. School of Business Management
Ahmedabad- 380 009, India
Tel: +91 79 44 48 11 Fax: +91 79 674 2150

Contact Person
Prof. Dhawal Mehta

Gujerat university established before 45 years, is the largest university in the State of Gujerat. It has 145 affiliated colleges of Science, Commerce, Arts, Education, Law, Engineering, Pharmacy,
Medicine etc. The university has a student strength of 160,000 and has post graduate departments of Business, Psychology, Economics, Politics, Sociology, Commerce and all disciplines of natural sciences. It has a well reputed education media research centre and excellent computer science department giving post graduate degree called Master's in Computer Application. All the post graduate departments of the university offer Ph.D. programmes and the university in its long history has produced hundreds of PhDs. in various branches of knowledge.
We will conduct our EU-INDIA Research Project at B. K. School of Business Management. This school has twelve full time faculty members in several areas of Business Management. The school offers two-year M.B.A. and Ph.D. programmes. It has produced several PhDs. The faculty has excellent qualifications - All of them have Ph.D. degrees or else have professional qualifications such as C.A., LL.M., C.P.A., M.B.A., etc. Besides B.K.School of Business Management, the project can draw on the expertise of the large departments of Economics, Sociology, Psychology and Computer Applications for the purpose of this project.

The university has many in-house projects mostly sponsored by U.G.C. Each department has several of them. The university has educational links with Japan under which there is a student exchange programme between one Japanese university and Gujerat university.

The university will actively collaborate in the project with two important institutions in the city of Ahmedabad.
a) SEWA (Self-Employed Women's Association)
b) CED (The Centre for Enterprenurship Development), Ahmedabad. This is very large Gujerat based Enterprenurship Development Organisation catering to the training needs of the whole of Gujerat State.

The centre for Entrepreneurship Development (CED)
The centre for Entrepreneurship Development (CED) is sponsored by Govt. of Gujarat and four Industrial Corporations. It is a pioneer organisation amongst entrepreneurship institute for
entrepreneurship training in Gujarat. It was started in 1970. It has state wide operations and a staff of about 80 persons. The main objective of the Entrepreneurship Development Programme (EDP) is to identify, select, train, develop and motivate first generation potential entrepreneurs. The CED Gujarat
carries several entrepreneurship development programmes of women. In the year 1996-1997 alone, it completed 7 women Entrepreneur Development Programmes training 256 women who started 37 units.

The Entrepreneurship Development Programme is of 3 to 6 weeks duration of two types of modules which consists of product guidance, managerial inputs, project report preparation, technical guidance,
achievement motivation and post training supportive assistance. It is a practice to allocate a full time Project Leader i.e.. Trainer-Motivator and Facilitator for at least 4 to 5 months time for one training programme. Any person from the group of employees, technicians, traders, merchants, salesmen, engineers, young graduates or house wives with a firm determination to set up his/her own industry
is preferred as trainee-entrepreneur irrespective of their age, educational qualifications, experience, family background etc. The centre plans to conduct every year 2000 candidates in various training
programmes.

CED's Role In Women Enterprises Development
The centre is organising special programmes for the weaker sections & women entrepreneurs. The centre keeps a target to develop around 300 Scheduled caste, Scheduled tribes and Women candidates in each
group every year. The centre had started women programme in 1980/1981 with the active support of Ford foundation. In the initial stages two Women project leaders were appointed to organise Women programmes in the state. The centre organised special innovative programme for women in collaboration with Entrepreneurship Development Institute in India and the sizeable fund was also allocated for the programme by the IDBI. The centre has conducted Special Women Programmes at large cities and in Urban areas. In other general programmes the trainer encourages for more women candidates for around 30% of the total trainees. Last year the Centre has first time organised group entrepreneurship
programme for the tribal women with low income/below poverty line- economic background under SELF HELP groups. The candidates have decided to go in for ready-made garments, acrylic bangles etc.
The innovative experiment was quite successful. The centre has assisted special projects undertaken by the experts to evaluate the problems, performance and achievement by the Women Entrepreneurs.
The centre has organised 74 special training programme for the Women Entrepreneurs and trained 2373 women candidates upto March 1997. Around 761 have already started their cottage, tiny or small Industrial manufacturing/servicing type ventures in traditional and non traditional technological projects Viz. Textile, Engineering, Chemicals, Food processing, Plastic, Electrical, Computer, Restaurants etc. The overall success rate of women programme is around 32%. The Women Entrepreneurs find
problems in raising own equity project, unable to have technological know-how, marketing the products at larger scale and other social as well as family issues. Since its inception the centre has trained 22548 in 888 programme conducted all over the state and 8084 have already started small scale units.

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8. PUNJAB AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
Communication Centre
Ludhiana 141 004, India
Tel: +91 161 401 794/405 731 Fax: +91 161 400 945

Contact Person
Dr. Ranjit Singh

The PAU was the third agricultural university to be established in India, the first being at Pant Nagar in Uttar Pradesh (1960) and the second at Bhubaneshwar in Orissa (1962). During its formative years, the University had strong and useful linkages with the Ohio State University, Columbus, USA. Forty-one faculty members were deputed abroad, under the USAID programme, mostly to Ohio State University for higher training leading to Ph.D. degrees in different disciplines. Twenty-three faculty members were sent on short visits for specific job training. During the period of contract (up to 1973), 33 technicians and advisors from the Ohio State University came to PAU for periods varying from three months to three years. The PAU now serves the state of Punjab and the union territory of Chandigarh. The primary aims and objectives of the University are:

o Teaching and training graduates and postgraduate students in agriculture and allied fields;
o Conducting research and seeking solutions to emerging problems of agriculture, agricultural engineering, veterinary science, home science and allied basic sciences;
o Transfer technology to farmers and agricultural organisations through various extension programmes; and
o Providing diverse technical services and Consultancy in agro-industry.

The University campus at Ludhiana is spread over an area of about 610 ha, and has another 1868 ha land at regional research stations, sub-stations, and seed farms. The teaching, research and extension education programmes of the University are implemented through 50 Departments, Biotechnology Centre (1990), School of Energy Studies for Agriculture (1983), Centre of Studies in Rural Development (1990), Institute of Agriculture (1993), and 22 Regional Research Stations, Sub Stations, and Seed Farms. The University has a faculty strength of 457 Professors, 345 Associate Professors, 636 Assistant Professors and equivalent and a sanctioned supporting staff strength of 5231.
The PAU is the first agricultural university in India to start Master's programmes in Business Administration, Agricultural Journalism, Food Technology, Agrometeorology and Floriculture. An Institute of Agriculture has been established at Gurdaspar to offer specialised short-term vocational training courses on various aspects of agriculture, livestock production and other subsidiary occupations. At present, the University has 1793 undergraduate and 1012 postgraduate students on its rolls. The University switched over from the traditional annual system to the trimester system of instruction and examinations with complete internal assessment in 1963 for M.Sc. programmes and in 1964 for B.Sc. and Ph.D. programmes. The system of evaluation of the performance of the students in a trimester by awarding letter grades was also adopted in the same years. The University changed from the trimester to the semester system of instructions in 1988. The University has well-equipped laboratories, computer facilities, elaborate farm facilities, library and well maintained sprawling playgrounds which provides an intellectually stimulating environment to the students and faculty.

Research
The University has built up a very efficient research infrastructure in terms of manpower, laboratories, and field research facilities. Many new departments, centres and a school were established to increase the pace of research in emerging fields. In a short span of 35 years, the PAU has made unparalleled research contributions in agriculture and related areas with world-wide recognition. In early fifties, the Punjab agriculture was of traditional nature and the farming was more a way of life than an industry. The University has taken a lead in hybrid breeding. The PAU is the first in the world to develop cytoplasmic-genetic male sterility (CMS) based hybrid of grain pearl millet in 1966. The CMS-based hybrid of oilseed rape was also developed for the first time in India by the PAU in 1994. The University if also ahead of other organisations in India with respect to development of single cross hybrids of maize. Hybrids have also been developed in cotton sunflower, pigeonpea, tomato, chilli, brinjal and muskmelon. The hybrids are expected to accelerate the rate of agricultural progress. The release of high sugar variety COJ 64 of sugarcane in 1975 was instrumental in the expansion of sugar industry in the state. The PAU did pioneering research in the development of multi-lines of wheat and introduction of oilseed rape, durum wheat, rye grass, winter maize and spring groundnut. To exploit the genetic potential of high yielding input responsive varieties, the crop production research focused on the determination of the optimum sowing times, seed rates, fertiliser doses, irrigation schedules and plant protection practices. Research in basic sciences is focused on the generation of new knowledge of fundamental importance with an emphasis on the areas having relevance to field problems. The use of biofertilisers (Rhizobium culture) has been recommended in seven crops starting with berseem in early seventies. A number of genes imparting resistance to different diseases in wheat and rice have been identified and biochemical bases of disease and abiotic stress resistance have been investigated. Stable sources of CMS have been developed in barley.
The Department of Economics and Sociology provides useful information for framing various policies at state and national level for increasing agricultural production and productivity. The estimates of the cost of cultivation worked out by the department have proved very useful in deciding the support prices of various crops. Home Science research has focused on developing appropriate technologies for enhancing the nutritional value of foods, efficient home management practices to reduce the drudgery of housewives, standardisation of anthropometric measurements, and designing and storing of clothes with emphasis on overall upliftment of children and women in rural area.

Extension Education
During the formative years of PAU it was not an easy task to convince the farmers about the benefits of adopting new technologies. Dedicated efforts by the PAU scientists during the last three decades coupled with the outstanding performance of new high yielding varieties have changed the attitude of farmers who now consider the University as their temple of learning. Extension Education Training Unit, started in 1963, has recently been strengthened by setting up nine Krishi Vigyan Kendras, the first such Kendra was established at Gurdaspur in 1982. The Farm Advisory Service at the district headquarters and Extension Education Training Unit in collaboration with State Departments of Agriculture, Horticulture and Animal Husbandry and other development agencies, maintain a close liaison with the farmers.
The University started organising state level Kisan Mela and Kisan Divas at Ludhiana in 1967 to facilitate direct interaction between the scientists and the farmers. The enthusiasm among the farmers to see exhibitions on new varieties/technologies and to purchase seeds of new improved varieties and literature is seen to be believed. In view of the grand success of those Melas at Ludhiana, the University started organising the Melas at Regional Research Stations in 1985. Now we regularly organise farmers' fairs at Ludhiana, Ballowal Saunkhri, Gurdaspur, Bathinda and Rauni. A Farm Women Fair is held every year. The University also arranges a large number of field days with emphasis on specific crops/technologies. The holding of farmers' fairs and Agricultural Officers' Workshops, conducting farmers' field trials and developing packages of practices are the unique features of the system of technology evaluation and dissemination adopted by the PAU. The Communication Centre was established in 1972 by strengthening the Farm Information Service.

Communication Centre
The Communication Centre serves as an important link between the farmers and scientists. On the one hand it disseminates the latest farm technology to the farmers through various channels of communication, and on the other hand provides feedback of the new farm problems to the scientists for finding their solutions. The Communication Centre is housed in its own building which is quite spacious. Besides, a number of office-rooms, there is a projection cum lecture hall, dark room for photographers, studio for artists, recording studio, committee room and a library.
The Centre's media and communication units provide various services to the departments of the University and the farmers of the Punjab State. The units are: Publication Unit, Electronic Media Unit, Art and Exhibition Unit, Photography, Press Publicity and Documentation, Public Relations, Printing Press, Business Section, Museum of Rural Life of Punjab, Research and Training.

The Centre has taken up research in the field of communication. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research has sanctioned a project titled "Designing and Testing Efficient Use of Available Communication Techniques for Promoting Transfer of Technology - An Action Research". The staff of the Communication Centre has also been guiding the post-graduate students of the University in the subject of Journalism Communication and Extension Education. The Communication Centre also organises workshops and seminars to provide training to the field staff and to discuss various problems of communication of farm technology. The Communication Centre, in collaboration with the Punjab Society of Adult Education, organises adult literacy classes in the villages as an experiment to link literacy with technical training, for preparing villagers to start their own enterprises in order to supplement their income.

International and National Collaboration
In addition to serving the Punjab farmers - our real masters - the technologies developed by the University have crossed the state and even international borders. The University has been actively involved in agricultural research at the national level through its participation in several co-ordinated research programmes and collaboration with institutes of Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR). The PAU has always endeavoured to promote research in collaboration with advanced centres of learning outside India, especially the international agricultural research institutes through co-operative projects, exchange of germplasm, information and scientists. We have had several research projects funded by foreign agencies and these include two prestigious UNDP/ICAR projects. These linkages have greatly helped in providing competitive edge to our research.

Tasks Ahead
Undoubtedly, the University has made unparalleled contributions towards increasing agricultural production. This has, however, been achieved at the cost of degradation of our natural resources and has increased our dependence on costly inputs. We are now facing the problems of soil health, declining water table and emergence of new weeds, pests and diseases. We need to emphasise on the development of technologies capable of supporting sustainable agricultural production systems particularly for the sub-mountainous Kandi zone and the south-western districts of the state. The setting up of World Trade Organisation has opened new vistas for exports including agricultural, horticultural, plantation and livestock products. These exports are important to earn foreign exchange, and to generate incentive signals for the farmers to diversify agriculture as well as to improve income and living standards. Research and development activities on the export-oriented items will have to be reoriented. Punjab has tremendous potential for producing durum wheat, basmati rice, cotton, potato, fresh and processed vegetables and fruits and flowers for export. Intensified efforts in hybrid breeding have already started paying dividends. Steps are being undertaken to strengthen hybrid seed production programmes and to train the farmers in seed production technology. The other thrust areas are application of biotechnological techniques to improve crop plants and livestock, development of integrated pest management systems including use of biopesticides, integrated nutrient, water and weed management systems, post-harvest technology, aquaculture and energy saving farm machinery. The teaching programmes are being reoriented with increased emphasis on the use of computers, information technology, and innovative strategies in teaching methodology. The technology dissemination systems are being strengthened to promptly reach large number of target groups by greater use of electronic media, literature and farmer participatory research.

9. DELHI UNIVERSITY
University of Delhi South Campus
Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi - 110021, India
Tel: +91 11 688 6427 Fax: +91 11 688 6427

Contact Person
Prof. Abhai Mansingh

The University of Delhi was established in 1922 and is one of the premier Institution of Higher Learning full funded by the Central Government. It has over 70 Colleges providing under graduate (three years after 10+2) education leading to Bachelors degree. The post-graduate teaching leading to Masters degree (two years after Bachelor's degree and research is concentrated in the main University Departments. The University has two campuses, Main Campus and South Campus. There are 14 faculties-Arts, Social Sciences, Music and Fine Arts, Management Studies, Commerce and Business, Education, Law, Mathematical Sciences and Faculty of Science. The South Campus started in 1972 has now established its own identity and has the faculties of Applied Social Science & Humanities, and Inter-Disciplinary & Applied Sciences. Apart from these two faculties an Institute of Informatics and Communication
has been established in South Campus basically with the aim of developing Information Technology and Communication as a multidisciplinary activity and start innovative, professional and socially relevant teaching and research programmes, with much greater flexibility as compared to conventional Departments and Faculties. This institute is for the first time attempting to provide Fundamentals of Information Technology (Computer Courses) to students of social sciences, life sciences and humanities as well as advanced professional courses in Information Technology (Computer Communication and Networking) by charging realistic fees and at the same time providing opportunity to students to earn while they learn.
The University has also faculties providing professional education in Faculty of Ayurvedic and Unani Medicine. Faculty of Medical Sciences and Faculty of Technologies where undergraduate, postgraduate and research are carried out in specialised colleges. The University has special programmes of Correspondence Courses, Adult Education, and for Women Education. In its colleges and over 75 Departments the University has an enrolment of over 100 thousand students while non-formal education (outside conventional colleges and Departments) has another 100 thousand students making it one of the biggest Universities in the Country. The students are from different states of India and from different Countries of the world. The University is committed to High quality education and Research and has established several research Centres.
The University of Delhi has several International Collaborative programmes between different Departments /Faculties and corresponding Departments with other Universities in different Countries. In the EUI Programme, the Institute of Informatics and Communication will be collaborating which has its own ordinances for conducting teaching and research programmes. The main feature of these ordinances are that students are allowed to work upto 30 hours in a month as Teaching/Administrative Assistants. The programmes (teaching courses) have to be developed by a programme advisory committee which will have members from academics as well as industrial organisation. A teaching programme Master of Information Technology (Computer Communication and Networking) is expected to start in this academic session. Any Faculty for any specific Course from the participating Universities in EUI will be appreciated. The programmes for (i) Environmental Planning and Natural Resource Management and (ii) Social and Mass Communication will be started soon after conducting proper survey.